CODIFICATION OF THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE: EXAMPLE OF CONTEMPORARY SLOVENE
|
| Title | CODIFICATION OF THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE: EXAMPLE OF CONTEMPORARY SLOVENE |
| Authors | |
| Abstract | Slovenian language is often presented as a national element. Even in the 19th Century (Spring of Nations and the United Slovenia program) Slovenian language was a constitutive element of Slovenian nation. In the meantime, the Slovenian language was setting itself as an all-Slovenian language, which is trying to be super-regional. At the end of the 19th and early 20th century, the Slovenian written language had stabilized, while at the same time the spoken language had only began to assert itself; during this time, the prevailing principle was "talk, as it is written." At the mid-20th century the theoretical idea of a literary language that is based (equal) on the central Slovenian-speech (i.e. Ljubljana speech) became dominant. In the third millennium, the big question is, whether a regionally defined speech can be an actual basis for a Standard language. Another big question is what this ‘suitable’ regionally conditioned speech would be like. The principle of how important decision-wise the centre of a nation is when it comes to questions of linguistic norms may seem very attractive and, to a certain extent, logical. However, even examples of historically and linguistically comparable languages do not support the theory of creating the norm for the Standard Slovenian language based on the contemporary speech of Ljubljana, as claimed by Toporišič in Slovenska slovnica and later in Slovenski pravopis. Within Slovenia, the Standard Slovene language is tied to the written linguistic image, which has proven in the past to be a suitable way of setting the norm and that also standardised the Slovenian language. Regressing back to the principles of standardising a language based on regional variants would be unproductive and would introduce needles discord and cause problems also with everyday (public) communication. Contemporary research of actual speech, a part of which is also presented within this article, confirms an all-Slovenian and regionally independent character of the Slovenian Standard language. Keywords: Standard language, Standard Spoken Slovene, phonetics, Slovene language history, codification, modern languagesKODIFIKACIJA GOVORJENEGA JEZIKA: PRIMER SODOBNE SLOVENŠČINE Slovenski knjižni jezik je pogosto omenjan kot nacionalni element. Tudi v 19. stoletju (pomlad narodov in program Zedinjena Slovenija) je bila slovenščina konstitutivni element slovenskega naroda. V tem času se je slovenščina dejansko uveljavljala kot vseslovenski jezik, ki je hotel biti nadregionalni. Konec 19. in v začetku 20. stoletja se je potem pisna podoba slovenskega jezika ustalila, medtem ko se je v tem času govorjeni jezik šele začel razvijati. Od načela »govori, kot je zapisano« je sredi 20. stoletja prevladovala teoretična misel o knjižnem jeziku oz. njegovem substandardu, ki je utemeljen (enak?) z osrednjeslovenskim govorom, tj. govorom Ljubljane. V tretjem tisočletju pa je veliko vprašanje, ali je lahko regionalno utemeljen govor dejanska podlaga knjižnemu jeziku. Poleg tega pa je tudi veliko vprašanje, kakšen dejansko je ta »ustrezni« regionalno pogojen govor. Načelo odločevalnosti centra nekega naroda je pri vprašanjih jezikovne norme sicer zelo privlačno in do neke mere logično. Toda tudi primeri slovenščini kulturnozgodovinsko in jezikovno podobnih jezikov ne podpirajo teorije normiranja slovenskega knjižnega jezika na osnovi (sodobnega) govora Ljubljane, kot pravi Toporišič v Slovenski slovnici in nadaljuje v Slovenskem pravopisu. Knjižni jezik je namreč v slovenskem prostoru izrazito vezan tudi na pisni jezikovni izraz, kar se je v preteklosti izkazalo za ustrezen način normiranja, ki je tudi normativno poenotil slovenski jezik. Vračanje nazaj k principom normiranja jezika na osnovi regionalnih različic, bi bilo neproduktivno in bi vnašalo nepotrebno neenotnost in povzročalo težave tudi pri vsakdanjem (javnem) sporazumevanju. Sodobne raziskave realnega govora, katerih del je predstavljen tudi v tem članku, namreč potrjujejo vseslovenski in regionalno neodvisen značaj slovenskega knjižnega, tj. standardnega, jezika. |
| Publisher | Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia |
| Date | 2013-07-12 |
| Source | Linguistica Vol 1, No 52 (2012): Spoken discourse |